General Health
Understanding Pilonidal Cysts: Everything You Need to Know
Did you know that sitting for extended
periods can actually lead to a condition called pilonidal cyst?
Yes, pilonidal cysts are common but not
widely known medical conditions, affecting approximately 3 out of every 10,000
individuals each year, with a higher incidence in males than females. This
condition often affects young adults the most. Pilonidal cysts were referred to
as "Jeep driver's disease" during World War II because their
prevalence was higher among individuals who sat for prolonged periods.
People with pilonidal cysts may experience
discomfort while sitting or moving, and if left untreated, these cysts can
become infected, leading to more serious complications. This can significantly
impact daily life, affecting work, leisure activities, and overall well-being.
In this blog, we will delve into a better understanding of pilonidal cysts.
Pilonidal Cyst
A pilonidal cyst, also referred to as
pilonidal disease or pilonidal sinus, is a skin condition where an unusual
sac-like structure forms in the skin, containing hair, fluid, and skin debris. This
type of cyst is typically found in the crease of the buttocks (anywhere from
the tailbone to the anus) and is commonly a result of a skin infection. It is
important to treat these cysts because they can be painful and leave you with
abscesses and sinus cavities if you do not.
Symptoms of Pilonidal Cysts
Here are the typical signs and symptoms of
a pilonidal cyst, which can cause discomfort and affect daily activities:
- Small dimple or lump in the buttock area
- Inflammation, redness, swelling, tenderness, and pain
(especially when walking or sitting)
- Drainage of pus or blood with a foul smell if infected
- Less common: Nausea, fever, extreme fatigue
Causes of Pilonidal Cysts
- Experts have yet to fully understand pilonidal cysts.
However, it is commonly observed that they develop when ingrown hairs in the
buttock crease result in a skin infection.
- This infection triggers the formation of a pilonidal cyst
similar to how a splinter of wood causes irritation.
Pilonidal Cysts Complications
- A pilonidal cyst can progress to an abscess or sinus cavity
if left untreated.
- These developments indicate a worsening skin infection and
require medical attention.
Diagnosis
- During your visit, your doctor will discuss your symptoms
and medical background.
- A thorough physical exam will be performed, specifically
checking the buttock area for signs of a pilonidal cyst.
- Additional imaging test like a CT scan or MRI might be suggested
if necessary.
Treatment of Pilonidal Cysts
Incision and Drainage: Involves making a
small incision to drain the fluid from the infected cyst, providing relief.
Antibiotics: Used alongside
drainage to treat the infection; however, antibiotics alone do not cure
pilonidal cysts.
Laser Therapy: Removes hair
follicles prone to ingrown hairs, helping prevent cyst recurrence.
Surgical Options: In cases of
chronic or recurrent pilonidal cysts that have led to the formation of a sinus
cavity under the skin, surgical intervention becomes necessary. Surgery aims to
completely remove the cyst and affected tissue to prevent future recurrences
and complications.
However, the treatment choice is
determined by healthcare professionals based on the severity and recurrence of
the cyst.
Conclusion
After reading this article, you might
question whether sitting or standing is more effective in preventing pilonidal
cysts. It is important to mention that although prolonged sitting is often
linked to this condition, pilonidal cysts can also develop in individuals who
are not exclusively sedentary. Factors like hair growth patterns, skin friction, and
personal hygiene practices also play a role.
If you have concerns about pilonidal cysts
or are experiencing symptoms such as pain, swelling, or drainage in the
tailbone area, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional.
Reference:
1. Mayo Clinic:
Pilonidal Cysts - Overview, Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options.
2. NHS (National Health Service, UK): Pilonidal Sinus - Information on Symptoms and Treatments.
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pilonidal-sinus/
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Individuals who are more likely to develop pilonidal cysts include those with a family history of the condition, those who sit for prolonged periods of time, and individuals who have excess body hair in the affected area. Additionally, people who have experienced trauma or irritation to the skin near the tailbone may also be at a higher risk for developing pilonidal cysts.
Pilonidal cysts are not typically inherited, as they are usually caused by ingrown hairs or trauma to the area. However, there may be a genetic predisposition that can increase the likelihood of developing a pilonidal cyst.
Pilonidal cysts may not go away on their own and often require medical intervention to fully resolve. In some cases, the cyst may become infected and cause severe pain or other complications.