JN.1 Covid variant in India - Causes, Symptoms, Precautions

During the summer season, heat-related illnesses are becoming increasingly common. In fact, many people experience heat cramps, dizziness, fainting, blurred vision, slurred speech, and confusion. If these symptoms are not addressed promptly, they can lead to Heat Stroke. Last year 2024, between March 1 and June 18, 110 people in India died from heat strokes, according to data from the Health Ministry. This article provides essential information on recognizing the symptoms of heat stroke, its causes, and the appropriate treatment to prevent fatalities.

What is Heat Stroke?

Heat stroke, or sunstroke, occurs when a person's body temperature rises quickly and cannot cool down. It is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that can damage the brain, heart, kidneys, and muscles and can be fatal without prompt treatment. Generally, heat strokes are classified into two main types:

1. Exertional heat stroke:

     Intense physical activity in hot or humid conditions causes exertional heat stroke. It generally affects athletes, military personnel, and outdoor workers who engage in prolonged activities without adequate hydration or cooling breaks.

2. Non-exertional (classic) heat stroke:

     This type of stroke, also known as classic stroke, occurs during exposure to extended periods of hot environmental conditions, such as heat waves or long durations of high temperatures and humidity. Older adults, infants, and individuals with chronic medical conditions are vulnerable to this stroke.

Symptoms of Heat Stroke

The symptoms can vary based on the severity of the condition, but common symptoms include the following:

• 104 degrees Fahrenheit or higher body temperature
• Behaviour changes such as agitation or aggression.
• Hot, dry skin occurs in cases of classic heat stroke.
• Flushed, sweaty skin occurs in classic heat stroke.
• Increased heart rate
• Headache
• Nausea and vomiting
• Seizures
• Muscle cramps or weakness

Causes of Heat Stroke

Several factors contribute to heat stroke, which include:

• Spending long hours in a hot and humid environment
• Dehydration results from inadequate fluid intake or excessive fluid loss
• Engaging in strenuous physical activity, especially in hot conditions
• Wearing too many clothes or tight-fitting garments can trap heat
• Chronic illnesses such as heart disease, respiratory conditions, obesity, and mental health disorders can increase vulnerability to heat stroke

Risk Factors of Heat Stroke

While anyone can suffer from heat stroke, certain factors can increase the risk:

• Age: Infants and people over 65 are less efficient at regulating body temperature.
• Chronic illnesses: heart disease, lung disease, kidney disease, and obesity heighten susceptibility.
• Medications: Drugs that affect hydration and heat regulation raise the risk.
• Sudden exposure: Moving from a cooler climate to a much hotter one can shock the body.
• Lack of air conditioning: Living without cooling systems during heat waves increases danger.

Treatments of Heat Stroke

Heat stroke is a life-threatening condition that demands immediate medical attention to avoid severe complications or death. Treatment usually includes the following steps:

• Cooled IV fluids
• A cooling blanket
• An ice bath
• Medication to prevent seizures
• Supplemental oxygen
• A cold-water lavage

Conclusion

As temperatures continue to rise, preventing yourself from heat stroke is more important than ever. To protect yourself from heat stroke, stay hydrated, wear lightweight and breathable clothing, avoid outdoor activities during peak heat hours, and take frequent breaks in the shade. If you or someone you know shows signs of heat exhaustion or heat stroke, do not delay. Look for immediate care and consult a healthcare professional for proper treatment.

We have all felt a cramp that comes out of nowhere, a twist in the gut, a belly bloating after full meals, and a dull pain that never goes away. Stomach Pain! Yes. At some point almost everybody would have experienced stomach pain in their entire lives. Whether it’s a cramp or a dull ache in the abdominal area, the discomfort that you feel will be heavy. It can significantly affect your routine day. At times, the stomach can be due to some digestive issues, periods, cramps, etc. It is important that you get the attention of a medical professional if your stomach pain is unbearable.

Never self-medicate. Instead, you can try a few home remedies that don’t harm you in any way. They might soothe your pain and ease your discomfort. In this article, let us learn a few efficient home remedies for stomach pain.

1: Sip on Herbal Teas or Warm Water

One of the best ways to reduce and soothe stomach aches is by drinking more water and herbal teas. Warm water can help relax the abdominal muscles and improve digestion. Herbal teas like chamomile, ginger, or peppermint are particularly beneficial. Ginger tea is known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-nausea properties. Peppermint helps relieve bloating and gas, making it ideal for general discomfort or pain in the lower abs caused by indigestion.

2. Apply a Heating Pad

Heat therapy is an age-old remedy that’s still effective today. Placing a heating pad or hot water bottle on your abdomen can relax the muscles and improve blood flow, reducing cramping or tension. This is especially useful for menstrual cramps or gas-related discomfort.

Tip: Always wrap the heating pad in a cloth to avoid burning your skin, and limit use to 15-20 minutes at a time.

3. Follow the BRAT Diet

When you're dealing with nausea, diarrhea, or general digestive upset, the BRAT diet (Bananas, Rice, Applesauce, Toast) is a gentle way to keep your stomach calm while providing some nutrition. These bland, low-fiber foods help firm up stools and don’t irritate the stomach lining, making them excellent for recovery.

Avoid spicy, fatty, or dairy-rich foods during this period, as they can worsen symptoms.

4. Try Natural Antacids

For those suffering from acid reflux or heartburn, which can cause upper abdominal discomfort, a natural antacid might help. Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) mixed with water can temporarily neutralize stomach acid. However, this is a short-term solution and should not replace prescribed stomach pain medicine.

Another option is chewing on a few basil leaves or drinking aloe vera juice—both are known for their stomach-soothing properties.

5. Practice Gentle Movement or Yoga

If you're experiencing bloating or gas that leads to pain in lower abs, light movement can help relieve the discomfort. Yoga poses like "Child’s Pose", "Knees-to-Chest", or "Supine Twist" can help stimulate digestion and reduce trapped gas. Walking for just 10-15 minutes can also help get things moving through your digestive system.

6. Use Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV)

While ACV might not be ideal for all types of stomach pain, it can be effective for indigestion. A tablespoon of apple cider vinegar mixed in warm water, taken before meals, may help regulate stomach acid levels. Be sure to drink it through a straw to protect your teeth,     and always dilute it properly.

7. Hydrate and Rest

Sometimes, the best remedy is simply giving your body time to heal. Dehydration can make stomach symptoms worse, so sipping fluids throughout the day is key. Avoid caffeine and alcohol, and get plenty of rest. A relaxed body often leads to a calm gut.

Which doctor to consult for Stomach Pain?

While there are so many home remedies for stomach pain, they may help in mild cases. At times it is crucial to consult your doctor and get your symptoms checked to know if it is a common stomach pain or something that must be concerned about. Mostly, in case of stomach pain, you can consult a general physician or a gastroenterologist.

When to see a doctor?

Consult a doctor if you experience:

• Severe or persistent pain
• High fever
• Vomiting blood or black stools
• Sudden and sharp pain in lower abs
• Inability to keep food or fluids down
• Pain that lasts more than a few days

These could be signs of a more serious condition like appendicitis, ulcers, gallstones, or gastrointestinal infections.

Final Takeaway

Home remedies basically are a great way to manage stomach pain and digestive discomforts. Just following a few simple things will help. For instance, having herbal teas, warm compress, and dietary changes will offer significant relief. Also, do not hesitate to consult your doctor if the symptoms persist or worsens. In a few cases, getting diagnosed professionally with proper medications will help fast recovery.  

Tonsillitis is one of the most common ENT problems, especially among children and teenagers. In fact, many people experience it at least once in their lifetime. However, it can be difficult to differentiate between tonsillitis and other throat infections like strep throat, as the symptoms often overlap. If throat pain becomes persistent and starts interfering with daily activities, it is important to consult an ENT specialist. In this article, we will explore what tonsillitis is, along with its symptoms, causes, and available treatment options.

What is Tonsillitis?

Tonsils are small, oval-shaped pads located at the back of your throat. They are part of the immune system and help to defend against the bacteria and viruses that enter your mouth. When an infection develops in the tonsils, it becomes inflamed or swollen, and this condition is called tonsillitis.

Tonsillitis can occur in two forms:

• Acute:  Generally, lasts for a short period of time, caused by viral or bacterial infections
• Chronic: This may last for an extended period of time; individuals may experience multiple episodes of acute tonsillitis. experienced multiple episodes of acute tonsillitis.

Symptoms of Tonsillitis

People who suffer from tonsillitis experience the following symptoms depending on the severity of the infection. This includes:

·       Sore throat

·       Fever

·       Fatigue

·       Bad breath

·       Headache

·       Difficulty swallowing

·       Swollen and red tonsils

·       Voice changes or hoarseness

·       Swollen lymph nodes in the neck

·       White or yellow coating on the tonsils

Causes of Tonsillitis

Tonsils are vulnerable to infections, even though a part of the immune system. When tonsils are infected by bacteria or viruses, it causes discomfort in the throat.

·       Viruses such as Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), Adenovirus can cause tonsillitis.

·       Group A Streptococcus (GAS), Staphylococcus aureus are the most common bacteria that cause tonsillitis.

Other causes of tonsillitis are,

Second-hand smoke

Environmental pollutants

• Age
• Allergies
• A weakened immune system

Diagnose of Tonsillitis

To identify tonsillitis, the healthcare provider takes the following steps to provide treatment.

Medical History: The ENT doctor evaluates the symptoms and their duration, and the recurrent history of throat infections.

In some cases, the ENT doctor might ask for some tests to identify tonsillitis. This test includes a throat swab, blood tests.

After identifying tonsillitis, the doctor provides appropriate treatment based on the severity of the tonsillitis.

Tonsillitis Treatment

Tonsillitis treatment is completely based on the cause. If it is by viral infection, the doctor may suggest taking proper rest, providing an Over-the-counter pain reliever, and a humidifier.

If tonsillitis is caused by bacterial infection, particularly Group A Streptococcus, doctors commonly prescribe antibiotics such as penicillin or amoxicillin, and it is crucial to complete the full course of medication even if the symptoms begin to improve earlier.

In some severe and recurring cases, the doctor may suggest tonsillectomy, a procedure to surgically remove your tonsils.

Who is at Risk of Tonsillitis?

• Tonsillitis can affect people of all ages, but it is most common in children and adults.
• People who are exposed to irritants like smoke or pollution develop tonsillitis.

How to prevent Tonsillitis?

People can reduce the chance of developing tonsillitis. Here are some tips that help to reduce tonsillitis:

• Regular Hand Wash: Maintaining hand hygiene is essential in preventing tonsillitis.
• Cover Mouth and Nose: Respiratory droplets can also spread the virus; always cover your mouth and nose while sneezing or coughing.
• Dental Hygiene: Practicing good oral hygiene can reduce the risk. Try to replace your toothbrush at least once in three months.
• Manage Allergies: Addressing and managing allergies can contribute to throat irritation and inflammation.
• Prompt Attention: If a sore throat develops, especially if it persists or is accompanied by other symptoms, it is important to consult an ENT doctor for proper treatment.

In conclusion, tonsillitis is a common condition; understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatment options is essential for timely and effective intervention. You cannot completely prevent tonsillitis, but you can reduce the risk by following proper hygiene practices. If you suspect or your throat pain becomes severe, do not hesitate to consult an ENT doctor to prevent complications.

Famous for their speckled flesh and vibrant pink skin, dragon fruits, also called pitaya fruits, are an excellent tropical delight globally. These pitaya fruits have endless health benefits, more than just being a good-looking fruit inside. It is a powerhouse of antioxidants, nutrients, and hydration. So, does this pitaya fruit have side effects, too? Let’s check out.

This article explains dragon fruit, also known as pitaya fruit, its benefits, side effects, and more.

What is Pitaya Fruit or Dragon Fruit?

Pitaya fruits, commonly known as dragon fruit, are basically from a cactus species native to Central America. But today, it is a very well-known fruit throughout the Asian continent, the Caribbean, and Australia. The fruit is consumed in two common types: white-fleshed and red-fleshed; both contain black seeds. This pitaya or dragon fruit has numerous health benefits regardless of the type. Now, are you ready to get to know them in detail?

Dragon Fruit or Pitaya Fruit Benefits

The following are a few proven health benefits of dragon or pitaya fruit. Keep reading!

• Boosts immunity
• Hydrates your body
• Improves gut health
• Promotes healthy skin
• Supports digestion
• Enhances iron levels
• Regulates blood sugar
• Improves heart health
• Helps in weight management
• Reduces inflammation
• Fights anaemia
• Increases your energy level
• Improves body metabolism
• Strengthens bones
• An excellent choice for pregnant women
• Aids liver function
• Improves Eye Health

With so many health benefits, dragon fruit is a magical delight everyone should include in their healthy diet. This is the primary reason for the prominence of the pitaya fruit’s health globally.

Possible Dragon Fruit or Pitaya Fruit Side Effects to Know!

While dragon fruit's health benefits are impressive, there are a few mild and rare side effects to consider, mainly if you are a first-time dragon or pitaya fruit consumer.

• Watch out for allergic reactions. After having dragon fruit for the first time, some might experience itching, swelling, and hives.
• If you are a person who has low BP already, then eating pitaya might lower it further.
• Eating too much pitaya or dragon fruit can sometimes cause diarrhea since it is more fiber-containing.
• The high pigments in dragon fruit can temporarily transform the colour of your stool or urine.
• In drug interactions, some compounds in the fruit can interact with medicines. So, consult your doctor immediately if you face any weird symptoms.

Despite these dragon fruit side effects, they are generally rare. Most people enjoy the benefits of dragon fruit without any adverse outcomes.

How to Eat Dragon Fruit or Pitaya Fruit?

Dragon fruit or pitaya fruit can be consumed in various forms. You can add it to salads, toasts, pancakes, salsa, desserts, and ice creams, make smoothies, or scoop it and eat it raw. In any form, it is crucial to have it often.

Final Takeaway

From improving digestion to boosting your immune system and skin health, the benefits of dragon fruit are truly commendable. Including it in your daily routine is an excellent addition to your health. This nutrient-rich and vibrant pitaya fruit is a delicious way to support your wellness naturally. With all these benefits, it is also crucial to consider its rare side effects to enjoy this tropical delight responsibly. So, enjoy dragon fruit based on your taste and preferences.

Cough Syrup is a ubiquitous OTC or prescription medicine that relieves cough caused by colds, flu, allergies, and other respiratory conditions. As it provides the best relief, knowing its uses, side effects, and dosage information is essential, particularly while giving it to kids. In this article, we will learn a few things about cough syrup for kids and cough syrup for adults in detail.

Cough Syrup Types

Cough syrups are broadly classified under two categories:

• Suppressants (Antitussives): This cough syrup helps reduce the coughing sensation and is highly recommended for non-productive and dry coughs. A few examples of this type of syrup include dextromethorphan-based syrups.
• Expectorants: Expectorants are used to loosen mucus and expel them quickly. Guaifenesin is a very common expectorant found in cough syrups.

Along with these two, a few syrups contain both expectorant and suppressant properties to provide comprehensive relief.

Cough Syrup for Kids

Compared to adults, children are more prone to coughs due to allergies and infections. However, not all cough syrups are undoubtedly safe for children. Cough syrups for kids are compounded with minimal dosage and active ingredients containing natural extracts like ivy leaves and honey.

Cough Syrup for Kids: Dosage Guidelines

• Cough syrups should only be given to children above the age of 4 unless prescribed by a doctor.
• Always measure the dose using a calibrated dropper or syringe provided with the medicine.
• Avoid syrups with codeine or potent sedatives, as they can be harmful to young children.
• Consult a pediatrician before giving OTC cough syrup to children under 6 years old.

Cough Syrup for Adults

Cough syrups for adults contain more active ingredients and may include additional components such as antihistamines (for allergies) or decongestants (for nasal congestion).

Dosage Guidelines for Adults

• Always follow the dosage as the doctor directs or as mentioned on the label.
• Never mix the cough syrup with other sedatives or alcohol, as it may cause severe drowsiness and side effects.
• No one has cough syrups and operates heavy machinery, which may cause risks.

Common Side Effects of Cough Syrup

While cough syrups are generally safe when used correctly, they can cause side effects in some individuals. Common side effects include:

• Drowsiness and dizziness (common in suppressants)
• Nausea or vomiting
• Dry mouth or throat irritation
• Allergic reactions (rash, swelling, or difficulty breathing in rare cases)
• Increased heart rate (for syrups containing decongestants)

If any severe reactions occur, discontinue use and seek medical attention immediately.

Cough Syrup Precautions

• Check Ingredients: Always read the label to ensure the cough syrup contains no substances you are allergic to.
• Avoid Overuse: Prolonged use or exceeding the recommended dose can lead to dependency or adverse effects.
• Consult a doctor: If a cough persists for more than two weeks, consult a healthcare professional, as it may indicate an underlying condition.
• Storage: Keep cough syrups out of reach of children and store them at the recommended temperature to maintain efficacy.

Final Takeaway

When used correctly, cough syrup is one of the best ways to relieve cough and other discomfort associated with it. However, choosing the proper syrup—whether for kids or adults—and following dosage guidelines and precautions is crucial to ensuring safe usage. Always consult a doctor if symptoms persist or worsen despite medication. Using cough syrup responsibly allows you to manage your cough effectively without unnecessary risks.